글번호 : 555  국제법 연구자료 - 미국형사소송 4. Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Crimin 작성자  관리자 작성일   2023-03-02 06:42:18 홈페이지   첨부파일   첨부파일 없음 - Written by Salomone Donghwa Shin / International Legal Research Institute. www.ilri.co.kr Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case Form Number: AO 89B Category: Criminal Forms Effective onJuly 1, 2016 2023년 3월 2일 현재 미국 법원에서 사용중인 형사소송 Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case 서식입니다.     형사사건에서 문서,정보,물품제출소환장 Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case 은 선서 증언을 위한 소환장과 동일한 법적 효력을 지니며, 이 소환장에는 일자, 시간, 장소, 조사에 요구되는 문서, 정보 또는 물품의 종류와 수량을 명시합니다.     이 소환장과 관련하여 대법원의 판결은 압수수색 및 사생활 보호권을 형성에 도움이 되었습니다.     이 소환장은 형사사건의 수사 단계에서 자주 사용되며 검사, 변호인 또는 법원에서 다음과 같은 경우 발부되며, 만일 소환장을 준수하지 않으면 벌금 및 구금을 포함한 형사 처벌로 이어질 수 있습니다.     1. 금융범죄 Financial Crimes : 사기 fraud 또는 자금세탁 money laundering 같은 금융범죄와 관련된 사건의 경우 검사는 은행명세서 bank statements, 세금 환급 tax returns 또는 전신송금기록 wire transfer records 과 같은 금융기록 financial records 을 얻기 위해 소환장을 발부할 수 있음.     2. 마약밀매 Drug Trafficking : 마약 밀매와 관련된 경우 법 집행 기관은 통화기록 phone records, 배송영수증 shipping receipts, 감시영상 surveillance footage.과 같은 마약 판매 및 유통과 관련된 기록을 얻기 위해 소환장을 발부할 수 있음.     3. 사이버범죄 Cybercrime : 해킹 hacking 이나 신원도용 identity theft 과 같은 사이버 범죄와 관련된 경우 검사는 이메일송수신 email communications, 인터넷활동로그 internet activity logs 또는 컴퓨터 파일과 같은 디지털기록 digital records 을 얻기 위해 소환장을 발부할 수 있음.     4. 화이트 칼라 범죄 White Collar Crime : 내부자거래 insider trading 또는 횡령 embezzlement 과 같은 화이트 칼라 범죄와 관련된 사건의 경우 검사는 회사이메일 corporate emails, 재무제표 financial statements 또는 계약서와 같은 비즈니스기록 business records 을 얻기 위해 소환장을 발부할 수 있음.     다음은 미국 대법원의 Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case 관련 판례입니다.     1. Brandsburg v. Hayes (1972). 이 사건에서 대법원은 기자에게정보출처를밝히도록강요할수없다 journalists could not be compelled to reveal the sources of their information 고 판결함. 대법원은 수정헌법제1조 the First Amendment 가 기자의취재기밀성 protects the confidentiality of journalists' sources 을 보호하며 형사사건에서도정부가기자에게그정보를공개하도록강요할수없다 the government could not force journalists to reveal that information even in a criminal case 고 판결함.     2. United States v. Nixon (1974). 이 사건에서 법원은 닉슨 대통령이 소환된테이프와문서를형사재판에서보류할수없다 could not withhold subpoenaed tapes and documents from a criminal trial.고 판결함. 대법원은 형사사건에서증거의필요성이대통령의행정특권주장보다중요하다 the need for evidence in a criminal case outweighed the President's claim of executive privilege 고 판결함.     3. Fisher v. United States (1976). 이 사건에서 법원은 개인의 은행 기록에 대해 대배심이발부한소환장 a subpoena issued by a grand jury 은 부당한압수수색에 대한 against unreasonable searches and seizures 수정헌법제4조의금지조항을위반하지 않는다 did not violate the Fourth Amendment's prohibition 고 판결함. 대법원은 은행기록이소환된사람의재산이아니라사업 기록이라고 the bank records were business records, not the property of the person whose records were being subpoenaed 판결함.     4. Zurcher v. Stanford Daily(1978). 이 사건에서 대법원은 신문이범죄행위에연루되었다고믿을만한상당한이유가있는경우 if there was probable cause to believe that the newspaper was involved in criminal activity 정부가영장없이해당뉴스룸을수색할수있다 the government could search a newspaper's newsroom without a warrant  고 판결함. 대법원은 수정헌법제1조가뉴스룸을압수수색으로부터보호하지는않지만 the First Amendment does not protect newsrooms from searches and seizures, 정부는다른수색과마찬가지로동일한합리적인근거요건을충족시켜야한다 but that the government must still meet the same probable cause standard that it would need to meet in any other search 고 판결함.     5. United States v. Hubbell (2000). 이 사건에서 대법원은 정부가사전에보유하고있지않은자백문서를제출하도록강요할수없다 a person could not be compelled to produce self-incriminating documents that were not already in the possession of the government  고 판결함. 대법원은 문서자체가유죄가아니더라도 even if the documents themselves are not incriminating. 수정헌법제5조의자기부죄에대한보호가문서를작성하는행위에적용된다 the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination applies to the act of producing documents 고 판결.     6. Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002)**: 이 사건에서 대법원은 아동포르노소지를범죄로규정한법 a law that made it a crime to possess child pornography 을 지지하며, 이법은정부가아동보호명목으로강하게조정되었으므로합헌 the law was constitutional because it was narrowly tailored to serve a compelling government interest, namely the protection of children 이라고 판결함.     7. United States v. Williams (2009). 이 사건에서 대법원은 정부가피고인에게휴대전화비밀번호를공개하도록강요할수없다 ruled that the government could not compel a defendant to disclose the passcode to his cell phone 고 판결함. 대법원은 수정헌법제5조가피고인의자기부죄로부터자유로울권리를보호하며 이권리에는휴대전화의비밀번호공개를거부할권리가포함되어있다 the Fifth Amendment protects a defendant's right to be free from self-incrimination and that this right includes the right to refuse to disclose the passcode to a cell phone 고 판결함.     8. Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP (2020): 이 사건에서 대법원은 대통령이범죄수사에서재무기록에대한소환장으로부터면제되지않는다 the President is not immune from a subpoena for his financial records in a criminal investigation 고 판결함. 대법원은 대통령의형사절차면책특권주장이너무광범위하고법치를훼손할것 the President's claim of immunity from criminal process was too broad and would undermine the rule of law 이라고 판단함. AO 89B (07/16) Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the __________ District of __________ United States of America v. ................................................... Defendant Case No. ............................... SUBPOENA TO PRODUCE DOCUMENTS, INFORMATION, OR OBJECTS IN A CRIMINAL CASE To: ...................................................................... ................................................................             (Name of person to whom this subpoena is directed) YOU ARE COMMANDED to produce at the time, date, and place set forth below the following books, papers, documents, data, or other objects: Place: ..............................................            Date and Time: ....................................... Certain provisions of Fed. R. Crim. P. 17 are attached, including Rule 17(c)(2), relating to your ability to file a motion to quash or modify the subpoena; Rule 17(d) and (e), which govern service of subpoenas; and Rule 17(g), relating to your duty to respond to this subpoena and the potential consequences of not doing so. (SEAL) Date: .......................................                                                                CLERK OF COURT                                         ...................................................................... ....                                           Signature of Clerk or Deputy Clerk The name, address, e-mail, and telephone number of the attorney representing (name of party) ...................................................................... ..... ................................................................., who requests this subpoena, are: Notice to those who use this form to request a subpoena Before requesting and serving a subpoena pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 17(c), the party seeking the subpoena is advised to consult the rules of practice of the court in which the criminal proceeding is pending to determine whether any local rules or orders establish requirements in connection with the issuance of such a subpoena. If no local rules or orders govern practice under Rule 17(c), counsel should ask the assigned judge whether the court regulates practice under Rule 17(c) to 1) require prior judicial approval for the issuance of the subpoena, either on notice or ex parte; 2) specify where the documents must be returned (e.g., to the court clerk, the chambers of the assigned judge, or counsel’s office); and 3) require that counsel who receives produced documents provide them to opposing counsel absent a disclosure obligation under Fed. R. Crim. P. 16. Please note that Rule 17(c) (attached) provides that a subpoena for the production of certain information about a victim may not be issued unless first approved by separate court order. AO 89B (07/16) Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case (Page 2) Case No. PROOF OF SERVICE This subpoena for (name of individual and title, if any) ............................. was received by me on (date) ................................................................... . ㅁ I served the subpoena by delivering a copy to the named person as follows: ................................................................ ...................................................................... ...................................................................... .... ............................. on (date) ........................................... ; or ㅁ I returned the subpoena unexecuted because: ............................................ ...................................................................... ...................................................................... . . Unless the subpoena was issued on behalf of the United States, or one of its officers or agents, I have also tendered to the witness fees for one day’s attendance, and the mileage allowed by law, in the amount of $ ............................................... . My fees are $ ..................................... for travel and $ ............................... for services, for a total of $ ....................................... . I declare under penalty of perjury that this information is true. Date: ....................................                    ............. ..................................................                                                         Server’s signature                                                                                       ...............................................................                                                          Printed name and title                                                   ...............................................................                                                         Server’s address Additional information regarding attempted service, etc.: AO 89B (07/16) Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects in a Criminal Case (Page 3) Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 17 (c), (d), (e), and (g) (Effective 12/1/08) (c) Producing Documents and Objects.   (1) In General. A subpoena may order the witness to produce any books, papers, documents, data, or other objects the subpoena designates. The court may direct the witness to produce the designated items in court before trial or before they are to be offered in evidence. When the items arrive, the court may permit the parties and their attorneys to inspect all or part of them.   (2) Quashing or Modifying the Subpoena. On motion made promptly, the court may quash or modify the subpoena if compliance would be unreasonable or oppressive.   (3) Subpoena for Personal or Confidential Information About a Victim. After a complaint, indictment, or information is filed, a subpoena requiring the production of personal or confidential information about a victim may be served on a third party only by court order. Before entering the order and unless there are exceptional circumstances, the court must require giving notice to the victim so that the victim can move to quash or modify the subpoena or otherwise object. (d) Service. A marshal, a deputy marshal, or any nonparty who is at least 18 years old may serve a subpoena. The server must deliver a copy of the subpoena to the witness and must tender to the witness one day’s witness-attendance fee and the legal mileage allowance. The server need not tender the attendance fee or mileage allowance when the United States, a federal officer, or a federal agency has requested the subpoena. (e) Place of Service.   (1) In the United States. A subpoena requiring a witness to attend a hearing or trial may be served at any place within the United States.   (2) In a Foreign Country. If the witness is in a foreign country, 28 U.S.C. § 1783 governs the subpoena's service. (g) Contempt. The court (other than a magistrate judge) may hold in contempt a witness who, without adequate excuse, disobeys a subpoena issued by a federal court in that district. A magistrate judge may hold in contempt a witness who, without adequate excuse, disobeys a subpoena issued by that magistrate judge as provided in 28 U.S.C. § 636(e). 각 국가의 법원들은 고유의 소송 서식을 사용하므로 더 추가되는 내용들이 있지만 기본적으로 요구하는 내용은 크게 다르지 않아서 다른 국가와 비슷한 사건일 경우 본 내용을 참고하시기 바랍니다. 소송이 필요한 국가의 현지 변호사와 상담이나 번역과 통역을 원하시면 이메일 info@ilri.co.kr 로 문의해 주시기 바랍니다. 고도의 국제법 전문가 그룹 - 국제법률연구원 Highly specialized in international law ㅡ International Legal Research Institute Email 📮 info@ilri.co.kr    Website 🌎 www.ilri.co.kr 📞 [Korea 82] (0)507-1350-0621, (0)2-557-3476  📱 (0)10-5295-0621 (Free E-mail Consultation: Please send your inquiry to info@ilri.co.kr  for consultation with lawyers in different time zone countries.) Law Dept. (0)507-1351-0621 law@ilri.co.kr | Education Dept. (0)507-1352-0621 education@ilri.co.kr | Finance Dept. 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