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- Written by Salomone Donghwa Shin / International Legal Research Institute. www.ilri.co.kr
Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Non-Prisoner)
Form Number: Pro Se 15
Category: Civil Pro Se Forms
Effective onDecember 1, 2016
2023년 1월 30일 현재 미국 법원에서 사용중인 민사소송 Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Non-Prisoner) 서식입니다.
인권침해고소(비재소인) Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Non-Prisoner) 는 개인이나 단체가 다른 개인, 기관 또는 정부 기관에 의해 인권 즉, 헌법 또는 법률적 권리가 침해되었을 때 연방 또는 주 법원에 소장을 제출합니다.
인권 Civil rights 은 개인이 인종, 성별, 종교, 출신 국가, 연령 또는 장애에 관계없이 공정하고 동등하게 대우받도록 법으로 부여된 보호 protection 입니다.
소장 작성에 중요한 요소는 다음과 같습니다.
1. Introduction: 분쟁의 피고소인 및 분쟁의 성격을 식별가능하게 설명해야 합니다.
2. Jurisdiction: 해당 법원이 이 사건을 다루어야 하는 이유를 설명해야 하며 이것은 연방 문제와 관련되거나 당사자가 다른 주에 거주하는 경우에 해당됩니다.
3. Facts: 고소인이 인권침해라고 믿는 원인을 사실대로 상세하게 쓰고, 피고소인이 권리를 침해한 구체적인 행위를 써야 합니다.
4. Claims: 헌법적 또는 법적 규정을 들고, 이러한 규정을 위반한 방법을 구체적으로 설명해야 합니다.
5. Damages: 인권침해로 입은 경제적 손실, 정신적 고통 또는 기타 피해를 명시해야 합니다.
6. Request for Relief: 주장하는 인권침해를 해결하기 위해 법원이 취해야 할 조치를 명시하는 구제 요청으로 끝나야 합니다. 여기에 권리를 침해하는 행위를 중단하도록 명령하는 가처분 명령 및 금전적 배상을 포함할 수 있습니다.
다음은 인권침해에 대해 의의제기할 수 있는 사례들입니다.
1. 고용 차별 Employment discrimination : 인종, 성별, 종교, 출신 국가 national origin, 연령 또는 장애를 이유로 고용주로부터 차별을 받았다고 생각하는 경우.
2. 경찰 위법 행위 Police misconduct : 경찰관이 과도한 무력을 사용했거나 used excessive force 인종 프로파일링에 관여 engaged in racial profiling 했거나 부당한 수색 및 압수 unreasonable search and seizure 에 대한 수정 헌법 제4조의 권리를 위반 violated their Fourth Amendment rights 했다고 생각하는 경우.
3. 주택 차별 Housing discrimination : 인종, 성별, 종교, 출신 국가, 연령 또는 장애를 이유로 집주인이나 주택 제공자로부터 차별을 받았다고 생각하는 경우.
4. 교육 차별 Educational discrimination : 인종, 성별, 종교, 출신 국가, 연령 또는 장애를 이유로 학교나 대학교에서 차별을 받았다고 생각하는 경우.
5. 공공 서비스 이용 Access to public services : 인종, 성별, 종교, 출신 국가, 연령 또는 장애에 따라 교통 transportation 또는 의료서비스 healthcare 와 같은 공공서비스 public services 이용이 거부되었다고 생각하는 경우.
6. 보복 Retaliation : 인권행사 exercising their civil rights 또는 인권침해신고 reporting a civil rights violation 에 대해 보복을 당했다고 생각하는 경우.
다음은 미국 대법원의 Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Non-Prisoner) 관련 판례입니다.
1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954). 이 사건은 공립학교에서의분리가위헌 segregation in public schools unconstitutional 이며, 수정헌법14조의평등한보호조항을위반 violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment 한 것이라고 판결.
2. Loving v. Virginia (1967). 이 사건은 인종간결혼을금지하는법률 laws banning interracial marriage 이 수정헌법제14조의평등보호및적법절차조항을위반 violated the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment 했다고 판결.
3. Roe v. Wade (1973). 이 사건은 수정헌법제14조의적법절차조항에따라 as protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment 낙태를선택할여성의권리를확립 established a woman's right to choose to have an abortion 한 판결.
4. United States v. Virginia (1996). 이 사건은 버지니아 군사학교의 남성전용입학정책 the male-only admissions policy 이 수정헌법제14조의평등한보호조항을위반 violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment 했다고 판결.
5. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). 이 사건은 전국적으로동성결혼을합법화 legalized same-sex marriage nationwide 했으며 동성결혼을금지하는법률 laws banning same-sex marriage 이 수정헌법제14조의적법절차및 평등 보호 조항을 위반 violated the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment 했다고 판결.
각 국가의 법원들은 고유의 소송 서식을 사용하므로 더 추가되는 내용들이 있지만 기본적으로 요구하는 내용은 크게 다르지 않아서 다른 국가와 비슷한 사건일 경우 본 내용을 참고하시기 바랍니다.
소송이 필요한 국가의 현지 변호사와 상담이나 번역과 통역을 원하시면 이메일 info@ilri.co.kr 로 문의해 주시기 바랍니다.
Pro Se 15 (Rev. 12/16) Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Non–Prisoner)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
for the
__________ District of __________
__________ Division
Case No.
(to be filled in by the Clerk’s Office)
Jury Trial: (check one) ㅁ Yes ㅁ No
Plaintiff(s)
(Write the full name of each plaintiff who is filing this complaint.
If the names of all the plaintiffs cannot fit in the space above,
please write “see attached” in the space and attach an additional
page with the full list of names.)
-v-
Defendant(s)
(Write the full name of each defendant who is being sued. If the
names of all the defendants cannot fit in the space above, please
write “see attached” in the space and attach an additional page
with the full list of names. Do not include addresses here.)
COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS
(Non-Prisoner Complaint)
NOTICE
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 5.2 addresses the privacy and security concerns resulting from public access to electronic court files. Under this rule, papers filed with the court should not contain: an individual’s full social security number or full birth date; the full name of a person known to be a minor; or a complete financial account number. A filing may include only: the last four digits of a social security number; the year of an individual’s birth; a minor’s initials; and the last four digits of a financial account number.
Except as noted in this form, plaintiff need not send exhibits, affidavits, grievance or witness statements, or any other materials to the Clerk’s Office with this complaint.
In order for your complaint to be filed, it must be accompanied by the filing fee or an application to proceed in forma pauperis.
Page 1 of 6
I. The Parties to This Complaint
A. The Plaintiff(s)
Provide the information below for each plaintiff named in the complaint. Attach additional pages if needed.
Name
Address
City State Zip Code
County
Telephone Number
E-Mail Address
B. The Defendant(s)
Provide the information below for each defendant named in the complaint, whether the defendant is an individual, a government agency, an organization, or a corporation. For an individual defendant, include the person’s job or title (if known) and check whether you are bringing this complaint against them in their individual capacity or official capacity, or both. Attach additional pages if needed.
Defendant No. 1
Name
Job or Title (if known)
Address
City State Zip Code
County
Telephone Number
E-Mail Address (if known)
ㅁ Individual capacity ㅁ Official capacity
Defendant No. 2
Name
Job or Title (if known)
Address
City State Zip Code
County
Telephone Number
E-Mail Address (if known)
ㅁ Individual capacity ㅁ Official capacity
Page 2 of 6
Defendant No. 3
Name
Job or Title (if known)
Address
City State Zip Code
County
Telephone Number
E-Mail Address (if known)
ㅁ Individual capacity ㅁ Official capacity
Defendant No. 4
Name
Job or Title (if known)
Address
City State Zip Code
County
Telephone Number
E-Mail Address (if known)
ㅁ Individual capacity ㅁ Official capacity
II. Basis for Jurisdiction
Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, you may sue state or local officials for the “deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and [federal laws].” Under Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), you may sue federal officials for the violation of certain constitutional rights.
A. Are you bringing suit against (check all that apply):
ㅁ Federal officials (a Bivens claim)
ㅁ State or local officials (a § 1983 claim)
B. Section 1983 allows claims alleging the “deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and [federal laws].” 42 U.S.C. § 1983. If you are suing under section 1983, what federal constitutional or statutory right(s) do you claim is/are being violated by state or local officials?
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C. Plaintiffs suing under Bivens may only recover for the violation of certain constitutional rights. If you are suing under Bivens, what constitutional right(s) do you claim is/are being violated by federal officials?
Page 3 of 6
D. Section 1983 allows defendants to be found liable only when they have acted “under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia.” 42 U.S.C. § 1983. If you are suing under section 1983, explain how each defendant acted under color of state or local law. If you are suing under Bivens, explain how each defendant acted under color of federal law. Attach additional pages if needed.
III. Statement of Claim
State as briefly as possible the facts of your case. Describe how each defendant was personally involved in the alleged wrongful action, along with the dates and locations of all relevant events. You may wish to include further details such as the names of other persons involved in the events giving rise to your claims. Do not cite any cases or statutes. If more than one claim is asserted, number each claim and write a short and plain statement of each claim in a separate paragraph. Attach additional pages if needed.
A. Where did the events giving rise to your claim(s) occur?
B. What date and approximate time did the events giving rise to your claim(s) occur?
C. What are the facts underlying your claim(s)? (For example: What happened to you? Who did what? Was anyone else involved? Who else saw what happened?)
Page 4 of 6
IV. Injuries
If you sustained injuries related to the events alleged above, describe your injuries and state what medical treatment, if any, you required and did or did not receive.
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V. Relief
State briefly what you want the court to do for you. Make no legal arguments. Do not cite any cases or statutes. If requesting money damages, include the amounts of any actual damages and/or punitive damages claimed for the acts alleged. Explain the basis for these claims.
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Page 5 of 6
VI. Certification and Closing
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, by signing below, I certify to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief that this complaint: (1) is not being presented for an improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase the cost of litigation; (2) is supported by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for extending, modifying, or reversing existing law; (3) the factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, will likely have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery; and (4) the complaint otherwise complies with the
requirements of Rule 11.
A. For Parties Without an Attorney
I agree to provide the Clerk’s Office with any changes to my address where case–related papers may be served. I understand that my failure to keep a current address on file with the Clerk’s Office may result in the dismissal of my case.
Date of signing:
Signature of Plaintiff
Printed Name of Plaintiff
B. For Attorneys
Date of signing:
Signature of Attorney
Printed Name of Attorney
Bar Number
Name of Law Firm
Address
City State Zip Code
Telephone Number
E-mail Address
고도의 국제법 전문가 그룹 - 국제법률연구원
Highly specialized in international law ㅡ International Legal Research Institute
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