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 ±¹Á¦¹ý ¿¬±¸ÀÚ·á - ¹Ì±¹¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û 33. Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Prisoner)
ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ  °ü¸®ÀÚ ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ   2023-01-02 21:24:04
ȨÆäÀÌÁö   ÷ºÎÆÄÀÏ   Ã·ºÎÆÄÀÏ ¾øÀ½
- Written by Salomone Donghwa Shin / International Legal Research Institute. www.ilri.co.kr



Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Prisoner)

Form Number: Pro Se 14

Category: Civil Pro Se Forms

Effective on December 1, 2016



2023³â 1¿ù 2ÀÏ ÇöÀç ¹Ì±¹ ¹ý¿ø¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Prisoner) ¼­½ÄÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


    ¹Ì±¹ ¹ý¿ø¿¡ ÀαÇħÇØ·ÎÀÎÇÑÁøÁ¤(¼ö°¨ÀÚ) Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Prisoner) Àº ±¸±Ý Áß¿¡ ¼ö°¨ÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀαÇÀÌ Ä§ÇصǾú´Ù°í »ý°¢µÉ ¶§ ÃëÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀû Á¶Ä¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    ¼ö°¨ÀÚÀÇ ÀαÇÀº ¼ö°¨µÇ´Â µ¿¾È ÀεµÀûÀÌ°í °øÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ´ë¿ì ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¹ýÀ¸·Î º¸È£ ¹ÞÀ¸¹Ç·Î ħÇصǾúÀ» ¶§ ÁøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    ÁøÁ¤À» Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÁøÁ¤¼­/¼ÒÀå¿¡ ħÇØ »ç½ÇÀ» ±âÀçÇÏ°í ÁÖÀåÀ» µÞ¹ÞħÇÒ Áõ°Å¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ¼ö°¨ÀÚ´Â ÁøÁ¤ ½ÅûÀ» À§ÇÑ  ¹ý·ü ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ¹ýÀû Á¶Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ µû¶ó¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    ¼ö°¨ÀÚ°¡ ÀαÇħÇØ·Î ÁøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    1. º¸º¹ Retaliation : ¼ö°¨ÀÚ prisoner °¡ °íÃæÀ» Åä·Î  filing grievances Çϰųª ±âŸ º¸È£¹ÞÀ» È°µ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ Çà»ç engaging in other protected activities ¶Ç´Â ÀαÇħÇؽŰí reporting a civil rights violation. ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸º¹À» ´çÇß´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì.
    2. ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ ÀÇ·á ¼­ºñ½º Inadequate medical care  : ±¸±Ý Áß¿¡ while in custody ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀÇ·á¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© were denied adequate medical care ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔ¾ú´Ù resulting in harm °í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì.
    3. ¹ý¿ø Á¢±Ù Access to courts : º¯È£»çÁ¢°ß legal counsel À̳ª ¹ý·üµµ¼­°üÀÚ·á law library materials ¿Í °°Àº ¹ý·ü ÀÚ¿ø legal resources °ú ¹ý¿ø¿¡ Á¢±ÙÀÌ Á¦ÇÑ was restricted/denied access to courts µÇ¾î ¹ýÀûÁ¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇÒ ´É·ÂÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù hindering their ability to pursue legal action °í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì.
    4. Â÷º° Discrimination : ÀÎÁ¾, ¼ºº°, Á¾±³ ¶Ç´Â Àå¾Ö¸¦ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Â÷º°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì.
    5. °úµµÇÑ ¹«·Â »ç¿ë Use of excessive force : ±³µµ°üÀÌ °úµµÇÑ Æø·ÂÀ» °¡ÇÏ¿© ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì.
    6. ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀÎ »ýÈ° Á¶°Ç Unsafe or inhumane living conditions : °ú¹Ð overcrowding, µ¶¼º¹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ëÃâ exposure to toxic substances ¶Ç´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ À§»ý½Ã¼³ ºÎÁ· lack of adequate sanitation °ú °°Àº ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀÎ »ýÈ° Á¶°Ç¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì.

    ´ÙÀ½Àº ¹Ì±¹ ´ë¹ý¿øÀÇ ¼ö°¨ÀÚÀαÇħÇØ Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights (Prisoner) ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆÇ·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    1. Cooper v. Pate (1964). ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ±³µµ¼Ò °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀÌ À̽½¶÷ Á¾±³ ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ» °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×ÀÇ Çå¹ýÀû ±Ç¸®°¡ ħÇصǾú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ ±³µµ¼ö¸¦ ´Ù·é °ÍÀ¸·Î, Àç¼ÒÀÚ°¡1871³âÀαǹý¿¡µû¶óÀαǼҼÛÀ»Á¦±âÇұǸ®°¡ÀÖ´Ù prisoners have a right to bring a civil rights lawsuit under the Civil Rights Act of 1871 ´Â °ÍÀ» ´ë¹ý¿ø¿¡¼­Ã³À½ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ»ç°ÇÀÓ was the first in which the Supreme Court recognized.
    2. Estelle v. Gamble (1976). ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ¼ö°¨ÀÚ an inmate's ÀÇ Áß´ëÇÑÀÇ·áÄ¡·á¿ä±¸ serious medical needs amounted ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÀÇÀûÀι«°ü½É whether deliberate indifference ÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°íºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎó¹ú prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼öÁ¤Çå¹ýÁ¦8Á¶ÀÇÀ§¹Ý to a violation of the Eighth Amendment's ¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾ú°í, ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ¼ö°¨ÀÚµµÀûÀýÇÑÄ¡·á¸¦¹ÞÀ»¼öÀִ±Ǹ®¸¦È®¸³ establishing an inmate's right to adequate medical care ÇßÀ½.
    3. Turner v. Safley (1987). ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ¼ö°¨ÀÚ inmate ÀÇ ¼­½Å¹×°áÈ¥ correspondence and marriage Á¦ÇÑ restrictions on ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾ú°í, ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ±³µµ°ü prison officials ÀÌ Àç¼ÒÀÚÀÇ ¼­½Å ¹× °áÈ¥À» ±ÔÁ¦ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´ÂÆø³ÐÀºÀç·®±ÇÀ»°¡Áö°í have broad discretion to regulate ÀÖÁö¸¸±×·¯ÇѱÔÁ¦´ÂÁ¤´çÇÑÇü¹úÀûÀÌÀÍ°úÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î¿¬°áµÇ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù but that such regulations must be reasonably related to legitimate penological interests °í ÆÇ°áÇÔ.
    4. Lewis v. Casey (1996). ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº Àç¼ÒÀÚµéÀÌ ¹ý·üµµ¼­°üÀÌ¿ë°ú¹ý·üÁö¿øÀ»¹ÞÀ»±Ç¸®°¡ÀÖÀ½ prisoners have a right to access law libraries and legal assistance À» ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ë¹ýÀº ¼öÁ¤Çå¹ýÁ¦8Á¶¿¡ÀÇÇØÀÌ·¯ÇѱǸ®ÀÇÀ§¹ÝÀ»Áõ¸íÇϴ±âÁØÀ»¸íÈ®È÷ clarified the standard for proving a violation of this right under the Eighth Amendment Çß°í ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÆÇ°áÇÔ.
    5. Johnson v. California (2005). ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ¼ö°¨ÀÚ¸¦ÀÎÁ¾º°°»´ÜÀ¸·Î°Ý¸®ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´ÂÁö whether race-based prison gangs could be used as a basis for segregating inmates,  ±³µµ½Ã½ºÅÛ³»ÀÎÁ¾±â¹ÝÀÇÂ÷º°À̼öÁ¤Çå¹ýÁ¦14Á¶¿¡±ÔÁ¤µÈÆòµîº¸È£Á¶Ç×À»À§¹ÝÇÏ
´ÂÁö whether race-based segregation in California's prison system violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾ú°í, ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ±×·¯ÇѰݸ®´Â±³µµ¼ÒÀDZ³Á¤ÀÌÀÍÀ»ÃËÁøÇϱâÀ§Çؼ­¸¸Çã¿ë such segregation was only permissible if it was necessary to further a compelling government interest µÇ°í, ±³µµ°üÀº±×º¸´Ù´úÁ¦ÇÑÀûÀδë¾ÈÀ̾øÀ½À»ÀÔÁõÇØ¾ß prison officials must show that no less restrictive means were available ÇÑ´Ù°í ÆÇ°áÇÔ.
    6. Brown v. Plata (2011). ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ±³µµ¼ÒÀÇ ¼ö°¨ÀÚ °ú¹Ð overcrowding ¹®Á¦¿Í ±×·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼öÁ¤Çå¹ýÁ¦8Á¶ÀǼö°¨ÀڱǸ®Ä§ÇØ the resulting violation of inmates' Eighth Amendment rights ¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾ú°í, ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ÁÖÀÇ ±³µµ¼Ò ¼ö°¨½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ³Ê¹«°ú¹ÐÇÏ¿©ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°íÀÌ·ÊÀûÀÎó¹ú so overcrowded that it amounted to cruel and unusual punishment ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù°í ÆÇ°áÇÏ°í ÁÖÁ¤ºÎ¿¡ ±³µµ¼Ò ¼ö°¨ÀÚ Àοø¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀ̵µ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÔ.







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